ABSTRACT Objective To identify higher order aberrometry changes in different degrees of keratoconus. Methods Cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study. Fifty-four patients (108 eyes) diagnosed with keratoconus by the same corneal specialist using the Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia ABCD criteria were analyzed, using the Pentacam® HR 70900 tomograph (Oculus Wetzlar, Germany). In addition, qualitative and quantitative analysis of higher order aberrations in these patients was performed using the OPD-Scan III-NIDEK. Results Through the evaluation of both eyes of the patients according to the criteria of Benin Ambrósio, the presence of KCN was verified in 34 patients. Furthermore, through statistical analysis, a direct relationship was found between posterior asphericity and the development of KCN; p<0.001 (reference: p<0.05). Through the analysis of the OPD scan, the main higher order aberrations found in patients with KCN were Coma, Trefoil and Spherical Aberration (AE). Conclusion The posterior curvature radius is the first variable to change with the development of the KCN, which is noticeable in the analysis of posterior asphericity in Pentacam. In addition, alterations in pachymetry and posterior asphericity directly influence the development of higher order aberrations in patients with KCN.

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar alterações de aberrometria de alta ordem em diferentes graus de ceratocone. Métodos Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, observacional. Foram analisados 54 pacientes (108 olhos) diagnosticados com ceratocone pelo mesmo especialista em córnea por meio dos critérios ABCD de Belin/Ambrósio Enhanced Ectasia, utilizando-se o tomógrafo Pentacam® HR 70900 (Oculus Wetzlar, Alemanha). Além disso, foram feitas análises qualitativa e quantitativa das aberrações de alta ordem desses mesmos pacientes por meio do OPD-Scan III-NIDEK. Resultados Por meio da avaliação de ambos os olhos dos pacientes com os critérios de Belin-Ambrósio, constatou-se presença de ceratocone em 34 pacientes. Ademais, por meio da análise estatística, constatou-se relação direta entre a asfericidade posterior e o desenvolvimento do ceratocone, com p<0,001 (referência: p<0,05). Por meio da análise do OPD-Scan III-NIDEK, as principais aberrações de alta ordem encontradas nos pacientes com ceratocone foram coma, trefoil e aberração esférica. Conclusão O raio da curvatura posterior é a primeira variável a se alterar com o desenvolvimento do ceratocone, o que se faz perceptível na análise da asfericidade posterior por meio o Pentacam®. Além disso, a alteração da paquimetria e da asfericidade posterior influencia diretamente o desenvolvimento de aberrações de alta ordem em pacientes com ceratocone.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the modulatory properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) (C. officinalis) extract on cafeteria diet-fed rats. Methods: A cafeteria diet was administered ad libitum for 45 days to induce dyslipidemia. Then, the rats were treated with the formulations containing C. officinalis in the doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg or only with the vehicle formulation; the control group received a commercial ration. Results: The cafeteria diet decreased glutathione S-transferase activity and high-density lipoprotein plasmatic levels and damaged the hepatic architecture. The C. officinalis extract was able to reduce lipid infiltration in liver tissue and to modulate oxidative stress and lipid profile markers. Conclusions: The correlations between the variables suggest a pathological connection between oxidative stress markers and serum lipid profile.

Abstract Aims Although reduced life expectancy in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients has been related to severe cardiac arrhythmias due to autonomic dysfunctions, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate the role of cardiac β1-Adrenergic (β1AR) and A1-Adenosine (A1R) receptors in these dysfunctions, the pharmacological effects of stimulation of cardiac β1AR (isoproterenol, ISO), in the absence and presence of cardiac β1AR (atenolol, AT) or A1R (1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine, DPCPX) blockade, on the arrhythmias induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion (CIR) in an animal PD model were studied. Methods PD was produced by dopaminergic lesions (confirmed by immunohistochemistry analysis) caused by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 6 μg) in rat striatum. CIR was produced by a surgical interruption for 10 min followed by reestablishment of blood circulation in the descendent left coronary artery. On the incidence of CIR-Induced Ventricular Arrhythmias (VA), Atrioventricular Block (AVB), and Lethality (LET), evaluated by Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis, the effects of intravenous treatment with ISO, AT and DPCPX (before CIR) were studied. Results VA, AVB and LET incidences were significantly higher in 6-OHDA (83%, 92%, 100%, respectively) than in control rats (58%, 67% and 67%, respectively). ISO treatment significantly reduced these incidences in 6-OHDA (33%, 33% and 42%, respectively) and control rats (25%, 25%, 33%, respectively), indicating that stimulation of cardiac β1AR induced cardioprotection. This response was prevented by pretreatment with AT and DPCPX, confirming the involvement of cardiac β1AR and A1R. Conclusion Pharmacological modulation of cardiac β1AR and A1R could be a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce severe arrhythmias and increase life expectancy in PD patients.

RESUMO A detecção de mudanças com base em imagens de sensoriamento remoto tem atraído cada vez mais atenção de pesquisadores em todo o mundo. As imagens de radar de abertura sintética (SAR) tornaram-se recursos fundamentais para detectar mudanças na superfície terrestre. No entanto, devido à presença do ruído speckle e sua natureza estocástica, os dados SAR requerem metodologias que considerem essas peculiaridades. Este artigo apresenta uma medida de similaridade que considera a aleatoriedade presente nos dados SAR. Para recuperar o componente aleatório nos dados SAR, usamos distância estocástica. A medida de similaridade foi cuidadosamente elaborada em função da distância estocástica de forma que seu espaço de variação fosse o intervalo [0, 1], facilitando sua interpretação. Nossa proposta mostra resultados promissores em duas aplicações: avaliação de contraste, detecção de mudanças na superfície oceânica e mapa binário de mudanças. Vale ressaltar que as possíveis limitações de nossa proposta foram investigadas por meio de simulações guiadas por um experimento de Monte Carlo.

ABSTRACT Change detection based on remote sensing images, has attracted increasing attention from researchers throughout the world. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have become key resources for detecting changes on the land surface. However, due to the presence of speckle noise and its stochastic nature, SAR data require methodologies that consider these peculiarities. This article presents a similarity measure that considers the randomness present in SAR data. To retrieve the random component in the SAR data, we used the stochastic distance. The similarity measure is carefully elaborated as a function of the stochastic distance such that its variation space is the interval [0, 1], facilitating its interpretation. Our proposal shows promising results in two applications: contrast evaluation, ocean surface change detection and binary change map. It is noteworthy that the possible limitations of our proposal are investigated through simulations guided by a Monte Carlo experiment.

Resumo A inquestionável precariedade do sistema penitenciário brasileiro, discutida na ADPF 347/2015, levou o Supremo Tribunal Federal, no julgamento da medida cautelar, a declarar o estado de coisas inconstitucional, inaugurando-se, assim, um debate de relevo perante a referida Corte, que impõe a discussão, a reflexão e, possivelmente, a revisão de conceitos e teorias já arraigados, como a questão da separação de poderes e da legitimidade democrática do Poder Judiciário, especialmente no tocante à concepção, implementação e monitoramento de políticas públicas, o que refrata, diretamente, na relação da judicial review ante o sistema democrático. Considerando a envergadura do debate e das alternativas propostas para a resolução de problemas estruturais, é que se desenvolveu o presente estudo com o propósito de analisar a viabilidade da prática do constitucionalismo dialógico e a celebração do compromisso significativo, uma vez reconhecido o estado de coisas inconstitucional. Nessa linha, coloca-se a necessidade de construção de um debate aberto entre as instâncias eletivas com a Suprema Corte como forma de se buscar a construção de consensos capazes de superar desafios comuns, com respeito à ordem constitucional. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfico-documental, revelando-se esta como uma pesquisa pura, qualitativa e exploratória.

Abstract The unquestionable precariousness of the Brazilian penitentiary system, discussed in ADPF 347/2015, led the Federal Supreme Court, in the judgment of the injuction, to declare the unconstitutional state of affairs, thus inaugurating a relevant discuss in the Court, which calls for discussion, reflection and, possibly, a review of concepts and theories already established, such as the question of the powers separation and the democratic legitimacy of the Judiciary, especially with regard to the conception, implementation and monitoring of public policies which refracts, directly, in the relation of judicial review on the democratic system. Considering the scope of the debate and the alternatives proposed for the resolution of structural problems is developed the present study, with the purpose of verifying the feasibility of the practice of dialogical constitutionalism and the celebration of the meaningful engagement, once recognized the unconstitutional state of affairs. In this sense, it is necessary to build an open debate between the elective bodies and the Supreme Court, as a way to the construction of consensus able to overcome common challenges, related to the constitutional order. For this purpose, a bibliographic-documentary research was conducted, revealing itself as a pure, qualitative and exploratory research.

Plant phenolic extracts are widely recognized as an important source of natural antioxidant substances and potential compounds for cosmetic formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, photoprotective and antioxidant activities of stem bark extract of Spondias purpurea L. (ciriguela) and its application in photoprotective formulations. Thirty phenolic constituents were annotated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry in mode negative (UPLC-QTOF-MS2). The stem bark extract antioxidant and chelation potential, expressed in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), showed 6.25 and 352.22 µg mL−1, respectively. The phenolic extract was used as an active ingredient in six sunscreen formulations, with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10%. The ultraviolet (UV) protection properties of the formulations were evaluated by sun protection factor (SPF) values obtained in 0.2 mg mL−1 (0.495 to 2.27) and 2.0 mg mL−1 (2.29 to 15.87). The SPF value for the extract (14.37 and 26.16) was high, but there was a reduction in the base formulation. However, these results suggested that the bioactive extracted of stem bark of Spondias purpurea L. has interesting potential to reduce the damage caused by UV radiation and may be utilized as an active ingredient in a sunscreen formulation.

RESUMO O excesso de sais pode afetar diversos processos nas culturas, e o nitrogênio (N) pode atenuar o efeito depressivo da salinidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio no crescimento e nas trocas gasosas da cultura do milho irrigado com água salina. O experimento foi conduzido no período de junho a setembro de 2019, na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, CE. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 água de abastecimento de 0,3 dS m-1 e solução salina de 3,0 dS m-1, e três doses de nitrogênio, 0, 80 e 160 kg ha-1, correspondendo a 0, 50 e 100% da dose recomendada, respectivamente, com seis repetições. Aos 30 e 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram avaliadas altura de planta, área foliar, número de folhas, fotossíntese, transpiração e a condutância estomática. O estresse salino afeta a altura de plantas, área foliar, fotossíntese, transpiração e a condutância aos 30 DAS. As doses de 80 e 160 kg ha-1 proporcionam maior desempenho em altura de plantas, área foliar, fotossíntese, transpiração e a condutância aos 30 DAS. O uso de água de baixa salinidade e as doses de 80 e 160 kg ha-1 foram mais eficientes quanto à altura de plantas, área foliar, fotossíntese, transpiração e a condutância aos 45 DAS. A dose de 160 kg ha-1 de N atenua os efeitos deletérios dos sais nas plantas de milho híbrido AG 1051 proporcionando maiores valores de fotossíntese, transpiração e condutância estomática aos 45 DAS, quando irrigadas com água de 3,0 dS m-1.

ABSTRACT The excess of salts can affect several processes in the crops, and nitrogen (N) can attenuate the depressive effect of salinity. The objective was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen doses on the growth and gas exchange of corn crop irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2019 at the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, CE, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (supply water of 0.3 dS m-1 and saline solution of 3.0 dS m-1) and three nitrogen doses, 0, 80, and 160 kg ha-1, corresponding to 0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose respectively, with six repetitions. At 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance were evaluated. Saline stress affects plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 provide greater performance in plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 30 DAS. The use of low salinity water and doses of 80 and 160 kg ha-1 were more efficient in terms of plant height, leaf area, photosynthesis, transpiration, and conductance at 45 DAS. The dose of 160 kg ha-1 of N attenuates the harmful effects of salts in AG 1051 hybrid maize plants, providing higher values of photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance at 45 DAS when irrigated with water of 3.0 dS m-1.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the preventive cardioprotective effects of resveratrol and grape products, such as grape juice and red wine, in animal model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Methods Male Wistar rats orally pretreated for 21-days with resveratrol and grape products were anesthetized and placed on mechanical ventilation to surgically induce cardiac ischemia and reperfusion by obstruction (ischemia) followed by liberation (reperfusion) of blood circulation in left descending coronary artery. These rats were submitted to the electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis to evaluate the effects of pretreatment with resveratrol and grape products on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB) and lethality (LET) resulting from cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. Results It was observed that the incidence of AVB was significantly lower in rats pretreated with resveratrol (25%), grape juice (37.5%) or red wine (12.5%) than in rats treated with saline solution (80%) or ethanol (80%). Similarly, incidence of LET was also significantly lower in rats pretreated with resveratrol (25%), grape juice (25%) or red wine (0%) than in rats treated with saline solution (62.5%) or ethanol (75%). Conclusions These results indicate that the cardioprotective response stimulated by resveratrol and grape products prevents the lethal cardiac arrhythmias in animal model of ischemia and reperfusion, supporting the idea that this treatment can be beneficial for prevention of severe cardiac arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar sensibilidade do volume corneano, asfericidade e índice D para o diagnóstico precoce de ceratocone. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico, realizado entre dezembro de 2018 e outubro de 2020, no qual foram analisados os prontuários de 39 pacientes (78 olhos) diagnosticados com ceratocone por um único subespecialista em córnea, por meio dos critérios de Belin/Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia. Os dados coletados foram: asfericidade anterior, asfericidade posterior, índice D e suas frações (Da, Db, Dt, Dp e Df). Os dados foram digitados e manipulados em Excel, para posterior tratamento utilizando o programa Statistical Package for Social Science do Windows, versão 21.0. As variáveis categóricas foram apresentadas como valor absoluto e percentual. Variáveis contínuas foram apresentadas como média ± desvio-padrão e mediana (intervalo de confiança de 95%). Resultados: Foram analisados 78 olhos, com idade média de 28,2±5,8 anos e porcentagem entre o sexo feminino e masculino de 59,0% e 41,0%, respectivamente. O índice D apresentou estreita relação com sua fração Db nos casos iniciais de ceratocone, enquanto a fração Dt apresentou tal relação de forma reduzida. Conclusão: A correlação entre o índice D e sua fração Db sugere alterações precoces na elevação corneana posterior, colaborando para o diagnóstico de ceratocone subclínico.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess sensitivity of corneal volume, corneal asphericity, and D index in early diagnosis of keratoconus. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study, carried out between December 2018 and October 2020, which analyzed the medical records of 39 patients (78 eyes) diagnosed as keratoconus by a single corneal specialist, using the criteria of Belin-Ambrosio Enhanced Ectasia Display. The collected data were anterior asphericity, posterior asphericity, D index and its parameters (Da, Db, Dt, Dp and Df). The data were entered and handled in Excel, for later data treatment using the software Statistical Package for Social Science, version 21.0, for Windows. The categorical variables were presented as absolute value and percentages. The continuous variables were presented as mean±standard deviation, and median (95% of confidence interval). Results: We analyzed 78 eyes, mean age of 28.2±5.8 years, 59.0% of sample were female, and 41.0%, male. The D index showed a close relation to its Db parameter in the cases of keratoconus at early stage, while Dt parameter showed a reduced relation. Conclusion: The correlation between the D index and its Db parameter suggests early changes in the posterior corneal elevation, contributing to early diagnosis of subclinical keratoconus.

Resumo Objetivo: Observar o grau de concordância das variáveis analisadas entre os dispositivos IOL Master 500 e Pentacam AXL e descrever as medias Métodos: Foram analisados 35 prontuários, totalizando 61 olhos. Todos os pacientes se submeteram à avaliação biométrica nos dois dispositivos, no período de agosto de 2018 a agosto de 2019. Os dados coletados foram: idade, sexo, profundidade da câmara anterior, comprimento axial, K1, K2, poder dióptrico da LIO e alvo refracional. Resultados: As médias das variáveis analisadas entre os dispositivos de biométricos óptica em questão tiveram diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05). A regressão linear não apontou influência de nenhuma das variáveis da câmara anterior na diferença de valores do poder dióptrico da LIO e do alvo refracional entre os dispositivos. Conclusão: Não houve concordância estatística entre os dispositivos para as variáveis analisadas. Portanto, deve se evitar intercambiar o uso do Pentacam AXL com o IOL Master 500.

Abstract Objective: Observe the agreement between IOL Master 500 and Pentacam AXL and describe the averages. Methods: We analyzed 35 medical records, totaling 61 eyes. All patients underwent biometric evaluation on both devices from August 2018 to August 2019. The data collected were: age, gender, anterior chamber depth, axial length, K1, K2, biometrics and IOL target. Results: The averages of the variables analyzed between the optical biometric devices in question had a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). Linear regression showed no influence of any anterior chamber variables on the difference in biometrics and target values between the devices. Conclusion: There was no statistical agreement between the devices for the analyzed variables. Therefore, the interchange of Pentacam AXL with IOL Master 500 should be avoided.

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da influência do tipo de combate a incêndio nas temperaturas desenvolvidas em um compartimento utilizado pelo Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Minas Gerais (CBMMG) em seus treinamentos. Os tipos de combate variaram com o modo de aplicação de água em pulsos simples, dois pulsos ou pulsos mais longos. Os resultados demonstraram que os treinamentos representam bem os incêndios reais em ambientes construídos com as fases de início do incêndio e sua propagação, inflamação generalizada (flashover) e pós-flashover. Observou-se que a taxa de aplicação de água influencia inversamente no tempo de duração do incêndio e na temperatura da região onde os combatentes se localizam. Foram realizados também ensaios sem intervenção e constatou-se que não há uma diferença significativa nas temperaturas máximas atingidas em comparação com os treinamentos normais. Os ensaios realizados no compartimento também demonstraram que ele pode ser utilizado para estudo de elementos construtivos e estruturais em situação de incêndio.

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the influence of the type of firefighting technique at temperatures developed in a compartment used by the Minas Gerais Firefighting Department - CBMMG, Brazil, in its firefighting training. The types of firefighting varied according to the mode of deployment of water in simple pulses, two pulses or longer pulses. The results showed that the training appropriately represents real fires in buildings, presenting the fire ignition and growth phases, flashover and after flashover. The study showed that the rate of water application inversely affects the duration of the fire and the temperature in the region where the firefighters are located. Tests were also performed without intervention and showed that there is no significant difference in the maximum temperatures reached compared to normal training. The tests performed in the compartment also showed that they can be used for the study of building and structural elements in fire situations.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether the attenuation of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload produced by pharmacological blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) protects the myocardium against injuries caused by cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (CIR). Methods CIR was induced in adult male Wistar rats (300-350 g) by occlusion of the left anterior descendent coronary artery (10 min), followed by reperfusion (120 min). Rats were treated with different doses of MCU blocker ruthenium red (RuR), administered 5 min before ischemia or reperfusion. Results In untreated rats, the incidences of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB) and the lethality (LET) induced by CIR were 85%, 79% and 70%, respectively. In rats treated with RuR before ischemia, the incidences of VA, AVB and LET were significantly reduced to 62%, 25% and 25%, respectively. In rats treated with RuR after ischemia, the incidences of VA, AVB and LET were significantly reduced to 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion The significant reduction of the incidence of CIR-induced VA, AVB and LET produced by the treatment with RuR indicates that the attenuation of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload produced by pharmacological blockade of MCU can protect the myocardium against injuries caused by CIR.

Resumo Objetivo: O dispositivo EX-PRESS é uma alternativa cirúrgica para o tratamento do GPAA. Descrever o comportamento da PIO antes e após a implantação do EX-PRESS, o tratamento farmacológico utilizado no período pré e pós-operatório e as complicações no primeiro ano do pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo descritivo quantitativo com revisão de prontuários eletrônicos de um hospital particular de referência oftalmológica de Goiânia (GO) no período de 2013 a 2018. Amostra composta por 8 olhos com GPAA submetidos ao implante de EX-PRESS. Foram observadas variáveis: sexo, idade, olho operado, medicações antiglaucomatosas usadas, pressão intraocular pré e pós-operatória, e possíveis complicações. Resultados: No pré-operatório, todos os olhos usavam colírios antiglaucomatosos, 75% faziam uso simultâneo de 3 ou mais classes diferentes. Após 12 meses do EX-PRESS, apenas 12,5% usavam três ou mais colírios e 37,5% não usavam nenhum colírio. Em média, as PIO variaram de 18,63 (DP 9,38) mmHg no pré-operatório para 14,50 (DP 4,14) mmHg em 12 meses do pós-operatório. As complicações foram: hipotensão ocular, hipertensão ocular,afinamento de bolha conjuntival, bolha cística, obstrução parcial do EX-PRESS. Conclusão: A eficácia do EX-PRESS na redução da PIO foi verificada na amostra desse estudo. Concomitantemente, constatou-se diminuição considerável de medicações anti-glaucomatosas, e poucas complicações associadas.

Abstract Objective: The EX-PRESS device is a surgical alternative for the treatment of POAG. To describe the IOP behavior before and after the implantation of the EX-PRESS, the pharmacological treatment used in the pre and postoperative period and the complications in the first year of the postoperative period. Methods: A quantitative descriptive study with review of electronic medical records of a private ophthalmological reference hospital in Goiânia (GO) from 2013 to 2018. Sample composed of 8 eyes with POAG subjected to the EX-PRESS implant. We observed the variables: gender, age, operated eye, antiglaucomatous medications used, pre and postoperative intraocular pressure, and possible complications. Results: In the preoperative period, all eyes used antiglaucomatous drops, 75% used 3 or more different classes simultaneously. After 12 months of EX-PRESS, only 12.5% used three or more eye drops and 37.5% did not use any eye drops. On average, IOP varied from 18.63mmHg (SD 9.38) in the preoperative period to 14.50mmHg (SD 4.14) at 12 months postoperatively. Complications were: ocular hypotension, ocular hypertension; thinning of the conjunctival blister, cystic blister obstruction of the EX-PRESS. We resolved all coplications. Conclusion: The efficacy of EX-PRESS in IOP reduction was verified in the study. Concomitantly, there was a considerable decrease in anti-glaucomatous medications, and few associated complications.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the cardioprotective response of the pharmacological modulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in animal model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (CIR), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (NWR) rats. Methods: CIR was induced by the occlusion of left anterior descendent coronary artery (10 min) and reperfusion (75 min). The SHR was treated with β-AR antagonist atenolol (AT, 10 mg/kg, IV) 5 min before CIR, and NWR were treated with β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 0.5 mg/kg, IV) 5 min before CIR. Results: The treatment with AT increased the incidence of VA, AVB and LET in SHR, suggesting that spontaneous cardioprotection in hypertensive animals was abolished by blockade of β-AR. In contrast, the treatment with ISO significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, atrioventricular blockade and lethality in NWR (30%, 20% and 20%, respectively), suggesting that the activation of β-AR stimulate cardioprotection in normotensive animals. Serum CK-MB were higher in SHR/CIR and NWR/CIR compared to respective SHAM group (not altered by treatment with AT or ISO). Conclusion: The pharmacological modulation of β-AR could be a new cardioprotective strategy for the therapy of myocardial dysfunctions induced by CIR related to cardiac surgery and cardiovascular diseases.